Millennium Development Goal #4 has the target to reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.

According to the 1998 South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS), the neonatal mortality rate (NNMR) in South Africa in the 1993 - 1998 period was 20 deaths per 1 000 live births, the infant mortality rate (IMR) was 45 deaths per 1 000 live births, while under-five mortality rate (U5MR) was 59 deaths per 1000 births. Preliminary figures from the 2003 SADHS suggest that infant and under-five mortality rates have remained relatively constant since the 1998 estimates, decreasing by 0.5% and 0.3% respectively. Source: MDG Country Report 2005 for South Africa.

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